Measures for the prevention of COVID-19 transmission for prehospital care workers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.20212262524Keywords:
Coronavirus Infections; Transportation of Patients; Personal Protective Equipment; Prehospital Care.Abstract
Objective: to identify measures to prevent transmission of COVID-19 for prehospital care health care workers. Methods: integrative review using LILACS and BDENF databases via the Virtual Health Library, CINAHL, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS. Results: eight publications were included that presented recommendations regarding the use of safety equipment by healthcare professionals and ambulance drivers and measures to prevent the risk of infection during invasive airborne procedures in suspected or contaminated COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: the preventive measures directed to prehospital care professionals were proper use of personal protective equipment and changes in the management of suspected/contaminated patients by COVID-19 and in invasive procedures or transportation of these patients. In addition, it is essential the cleaning and disinfection of the ambulances and their equipment.
References
Gallasch CH, Cunha ML, Pereira LAS, Silva-Junior JS. Prevention related to the occupational exposure of health professionals workers in the COVID-19 scenario. Rev Enferm UERJ. 2020; 28:e49596. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2020.49596
World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Situation Report – 148 [Internet]. 2020 [cited Jan 17, 2021]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports
Santos MN, Endres LF, Marinho RC, Medeiros MM, Margoti HM, Silva MPCS, et al. Recomendações para o atendimento de pacientes suspeitos ou confirmados covid-19, pelas equipes de enfermagem de serviços de emergência (pré-hospitalar fixo e intra-hospitalar [Internet]. 2020 [cited Jan 17, 2021]. Available from: http://www.cofen.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/RECOMENDACOES-ENFERMAGEM-200420.pdf
Chang D, Xu H, Reabaza A, Sharma L, Cruz CSD. Protecting health-care workers from subclinical coronavirus infection. Lancet. 2020; 8(3):e13. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30066-7
Peng X, Xu X, Li Y, Cheng L, Zhou X, Ren B. Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. Int J Oral Sci [Internet]. 2020 [cited Jan 22, 2021];12(9). Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41368-020-0075-9
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim U.S. guidance for risk assessment and public health management of healthcare personnel with potential exposure in a healthcare setting to patients with Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) [Internet]. 2020 [cited Jan 22, 2021]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/guidance-risk-assesment-hcp.html
Pan American Health Organization. Prehospital Emergency Medical Services Readiness Checklist for COVID-19 Instructive. Draft document, Version 2.3. Washington: OPAS; 2020.
Wang J, Liu F, Tan JBX, Harbarth S, Pittet D, Zingg W. Implementation of infection prevention and control in acute care hospitals in Mainland China - a systematic review. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2019; 8(32). doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-019-0481-y
Whittemore R, Knafl K. The integrative review: updated methodology. J Adv Nurs. 2005; 52(5):546-53. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x
Melnyk BM, Fineout-Overholt E. Making the case for evidence-based practice. In: Melnyk BM, Fineout-Overholt E. Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare. A guide to best practice. Philadelphia: Lippincot Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
Hart J, Tracy R, Johnston M, Brown S, Stephenson C, Kegg J, et al. Recommendations for prehospital airway management in patients with suspected COVID-19 infection. West J Emerg Med. 2020; 21(4):809-12. doi: https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2020.5.47540
Suppan L, Abbas M, Stuby L, Cottet P, Larribau R, Golay E, et al. Effect of an E-learning module on personal protective equipment proficiency among prehospital personnel: web-based randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2020; 22(8):e21265. doi: https://doi.org/10.2196/21265
Jost D, Derkenne C, Kedzierewicz R, Briche F, Frattine B, Bertho K, et al. The need to adapt the rescue chain for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during the COVID-19 pandemic: experience from the paris fire brigade basic life support and advanced life support teams. Ressucitation. 2020; 153:56-7. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.06.005
Ghazali DA, Ouersighni A, Gay M, Audebault V, Pavlovsky T, Casalino R. Feedback top EMS teams to manage infected patients with COVID-19: a case series. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2020; 35(4):451-3. doi: http://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X20000783
Yang WS, Hou SW, Lee BC, Chiang WC, Chien YC, Chen SY, et al. Taipei Azalea–Supraglottic airways (SGA) preassembled with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters to simplify prehospital airway management for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Resuscitation. 2020; 151:3-5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.03.021
Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación. Recomendaciones clínicas para el traslado de pacientes con sospecha o confirmación de enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19). Lima: EsSalud; 2020.
Secretaria Estadual de Saúde da Bahia (BR). Orientações para o Serviço Móvel de Urgência (SAMU 192): medidas a serem adotadas durante o atendimento aos casos suspeitos ou confirmados pelo novo Coronavirus (2019/nCoV). Salvador: CONASS SES-BA; 2020.
Marques LC, Lucca DC, Alves EO, Fernandes GCM, Nascimento KC. COVID-19: nursing care for safety in the mobile pre-hospital service. Texto Contexto Enferm. 2020; 29:e20200119. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-265x-tce-2020-0119
Cruz DALM, Pimenta CAM. Prática baseada em evidências, aplicada ao raciocínio diagnóstico. Rev Latino-am Enfermagem. 2005; 13(3):415-22. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692005000300017
Teter J, Millin MG, Bissell R. Hand hygiene in emergency medical services. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2015; 19(2):313-9. doi: http://doi.org/10.3109/10903127.2014.967427
Demartini K, Konzen VM, Siqueira MO, Garcia G, Jorge MSG, Batista JS, et al. Care for frontline health care workers in times of COVID-19. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2020; 53:e20200358. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0358-2020
Ha JF. The covid-19 pandemic, personal protective equipment, and respirator: a narrative review. Int J Clin Pract. 2020; 74:e13578. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.13578
Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Orientações para serviços de saúde: medidas de prevenção e controle que devem ser adotadas durante a assistência aos casos suspeitos ou confirmados de infecção pelo novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) [Internet]. 2020 [cited Jan 22, 2021]. Available from: http://portal.anvisa.gov.br/documents/33852/271858/Nota+T%C3%A9cnica+n+04-2020+GVIMS-GGTES-ANVISA/ab598660-3de4-4f14-8e6f-b9341c196b28
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Infection prevention and control for COVID-19 in healthcare settings – third update [Internet]. 2020 [cited Jan 02, 2021]. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/infection-prevention-and-control-and-preparedness-covid-19-healthcare-settings
Ağalar C, Öztürk Engin D. Protective measures for COVID-19 for healthcare providers and laboratory personnel. Turk J Med Sci. 2020; 50(3):578-84. doi: https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2004-132
Terheggen U, Heiring C, Kjellberg M, Hegardt F, Kneyber M, Gente M, et al. European consensus recommendations for neonatal and paediatric retrievals of positive or suspected COVID-19 patients. Pediatr Res. 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-020-1050-z
Chen Y, Yang Y, Peng W, Wang H. Influence and analysis of ambulance on the containment of COVID-19 in China. Saf Sci. 2021; 139:105160. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105160
Cavicchiolo ME, Doglioni N, Ventola MA, Biban P, Baraldi E, Trevisanuto D, et al. Neonatal emergency transport system during COVID-19 pandemic in the Veneto Region: proposal for standard operating procedures. Pediatr Res. 2021; 89(3):399-401. doi: http://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-020-0937-z
Araújo AF, Pereira ER, Duarte SCM, Broca PV. Pre-hospital assistance by ambulance in the context of coronavirus infections. Rev Bras Enferm. 2021; 74(Suppl 1):e20200657. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0657
Benger JR. Kirby K, Black S, Brett SJ, Clout M, Lazaroo MJ, et al. Effect of a strategy of a supraglottic airway device vs tracheal intubation during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest on functional outcome: the AIRWAYS-2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018; 320(8):779-91. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.11597
