Estrutura do empreendedorismo social: Análise multinível das suas características na literatura científica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36517/contextus.2025.95481Palavras-chave:
análise multinível; empreendedorismo social; PRISMA 2020; IRaMuTeQ; revisão sistemática.Resumo
Contextualização: O empreendedorismo social tem ganhado destaque como uma estratégia inovadora para enfrentar problemas sociais complexos, por meio de iniciativas orientadas por propósito e impacto social. Apesar do interesse crescente pela temática, ainda existem lacunas quanto à compreensão das suas características e de como elas se expressam em diferentes níveis.
Objetivo: Descrever os elementos estruturais que caracterizam o empreendedorismo social nos níveis individual, organizacional e institucional, a partir da síntese dos achados da literatura acadêmica, considerando suas formas de manifestação em cada nível.
Método: Pesquisa bibliográfica por meio de revisão sistemática, conduzida com base no protocolo PRISMA 2020. A busca foi realizada nas bases Web of Science e Scopus. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a Classificação Hierárquica Descendente por meio do software IRaMuTeQ, permitindo a identificação de padrões lexicais e categorias temáticas.
Resultados: No nível individual, destacam-se competências e traços específicos que impulsionam o empreendedor social, como empatia, persistência, obrigação moral e amor compassivo, além de habilidades de liderança pautadas na transparência e integridade. No nível organizacional, se sobressaem a integração entre missão e estratégia, a mensuração de impacto social, e a articulação de modelos que conciliem impacto social e sustentabilidade econômica, como fatores centrais para o desempenho das iniciativas. No nível institucional, o empreendedorismo social é influenciado por políticas públicas, arranjos interinstitucionais, e capital social, tendo também potencial de transformar estruturas institucionais e promover mudanças sociais.
Conclusões: O alcance dos objetivos do empreendedorismo social pressupõe a interação entre competências individuais, aplicadas em práticas organizacionais, as quais são, por sua vez, influenciadas e potencializadas pelo contexto institucional. Ao sintetizar conhecimentos anteriormente dispersos, este estudo oferece uma compreensão estruturada dos fluxos de pesquisa e das categorias analíticas que definem o campo do empreendedorismo social, com potencial para orientar pesquisadores, executores e atores institucionais.
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